INSTITUTE OF COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT, KANNUR

NCUI BYE-LAW

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Bye-Laws of National Cooperative Union of India

Name and Area of Operation:
 
1. The Union shall be called 'The National Cooperative Union of India Ltd.'
    The headquarters of the Union shall be at New Delhi.
    The area of operation of the Union shall extend to whole of India.
 
Definition:
 
       The words/expressions appearing to these bye-laws shall have the following meaning unless otherwise provided:
 
(a) The 'Union' means the National Cooperative Union of India Ltd.
(b) 'Society' means a cooperative society registered under the the cooperative societies Act applicable to the State or Union Territory in which it is established or under the Multi Unit Cooperative Societies Act, 1942.
(c) 'Federal Society' means:
 
(i) A society not less than five members of which are themselves societies; and
(ii) In which the voting rights are so regulated thatthe members which are societies have not less than four-fifth of the total number of votes in the general meeting of such society.
 
(d) 'Apex society' means a federal society which has the area of its operation extending to the whole of a State of a Union Territory.
 
(e) 'National Cooperative Federation/Society' means a federal society the area of operation of which extends to the whole of India with membership including apex societies.
 
(f) 'Member' means a society or a person who, for the time being, is a member of the Union.
 
(g) 'Delegate' means a person who is duty appointed by a member-society in accordance with these bye-laws as its representative to the General Body of the Union and includes an individual member.
 
Objects:
 
3. The objects of the Union shall be to promote and to develop the cooperative movements in India, to educate, guide and assist the people in their efforts to build up and expand the cooperative sector and to serve as an exponent of coopertive opinion in accordance with basic cooperative priinciples.
 
    In furtherance of these objects, the Union may either by itself or in collaboration with other cooperative institutions:
 
(i) organise cooperative education and training programmes and popularise the principles and practices of cooperation;
 
(ii) develop inter-cooperative relationship and help the coordinated functioning of the cooperative movement in various sectors as a coordinated system;
 
(iii) organise, conduct, collaborate and assist in carrying out research, investigations of projects on important cooperative problems;
 
(iv) arrange for the production and publication of literature and audio-visual and other aids including films, filmstrips on cooperation and allied subjects;
 
(v) give publicity to the achievements of coopertives through periodicals, journals, news papers, pamphlets, brouchures, books, films, broadcasts and the like for creating favourable atmosphere for the development of the cooperative movement;
 
(vi) maintain an information bureau and a library;
 
(vii) express opinion on matters of cooperative policy and act as the accredited repr3esentative of the Indian Cooperative Movement in the national and international spheres;
 
(viii) convene and hold the National Cooperative Congress and cooperative seminars, meetings, conferences, exhibitions etc;
 
(ix) select delegatres, representatives and observers on behalf of the Union for participation in the international, natinal and state conferences;
 
(x) facilitate the promotion of cooperative institutions and assist the member societies in resolving their problems and difficulties and formulation of programmes and their implementation;
 
(xi) acquire, purchase, own or dispose of immovable property by way of sale, lease or otherwise for the furtherance of the objects of the Union; and
 
(xii) generally undertake such activities or funcitons asare considered incidental or conducive to the attainment of the objects of the Union.
 
Membership:
 
4.     The memebership of the Union shall be open to:
 
(i)     National Cooperative Federations/Societies.
 
(ii)    State Cooperative Unions.
 
(iii)   Cooperative Unions of Union Territories.
 
(iv)   State level and Union Territories cooperative         federations including other apex societies.
 
(v)    State Tribal Development Cooperative Corporations registered under the Cooperative Law.
 
(vi)   Multi-unit Cooperative Societies not included in (i) above.
 
(vii)   Ex-Presidents of the NCUI who have served their full term of office provided they consent to become  members.
 
(viii)  Individuals with knowledge and distinction in the field of Cooperation, their number not exceeding 15 at any given point of time.
 
Liability:
 
5.  The liability of the members to meet the deficit in the event of liquidation of the Union shall be limited to the amount of subscription payable by them on the date of liquidation.
 
6.  The membership of a cooperative society or individual member of the Union shall cease:
 
(i)  on the cancellation of the registration or liquidation of a society;
 
(ii)  on a member society deciding to withdraw from the membership of the Union provided that such a decision is taken by a competent body of the society and is duly communicated to the Union.  The withdrawal in such cases shall take effect after three months from the date of receipt of such a resolution by the Union subject to the payment of arrears, if any;
 
(iii) on death, resignatkon or completion of term of member-ship, int hecase of individuals.
 
7.  The membership of the Union maybe terminated by a resolution of the Governing Council in case a member society fails to pay the annual subscription for a consecutive period of two years wth due notice as deceded by the Governing Council.
 
Funds:
 
8.  The funds of the Union may be raised as under:
 
(i)    Annual membership subscription;
 
(ii)   Contributions or donations;
 
(iii)   Grants from Government;
 
(iv)   Contributionn from annual profits of member socieites;
 
(v)    Sale proceeds of publications, journals periodicals, text books, films etc;
 
(vi)   Loans and advances; and
 
(vii)  Income from exhibitions or projects or any other activities undertaken by the Unbion in the normal course of the functions.
 
Annual Subscription from Members:
 
9.    (i)  Each member-society shall pay subscription to the Union every year as under:
 
(a)  National Cooperatvie Business Federation/Societies: Rs.15,000/-
(b)  National Coop. non-business Federation/Societies:   Rs.10,000/-
(c)  State Coop. Unions, State UCCredit Associations:    Rs.  3,000/-
(d)  Cooperative Unions of Union Territories:                 Rs.  2,000/-
(e)  State level Coop. Business Federations incluiding
      State Coop. Land Development Banks and those
      of Union Territores:                                            Rs.  6,000/-
(f)  State level Coop,. non-business Federations:           Rs.  5,000/-
(g)  Tribal Development Coop. Corporations:                  Rs.  5,000/-
(h)  Multi-Unit Coop. Socieites not included in (a) and (b)Rs.  2,000/-
(i)   Ex-Presidents:                                                    -Nil-
(j)   Individuals:                                                        -Nil-
 
9.   (ii)  Every member institution other than the State Cooperative Unions and Cooperative Unions or Union Territories and other non-business Cooperative Institutions shall pay on the basis of its profits or surplus of the preceding year at the rate not exceeding 1% of the profits or surplus subject to a maximum of Rs.25,000/- in the case of national cooperative business federations/societies and Rs.7,500/- for others.
 
9.  (iii) The State Cooperative Unions and Cooperative Unions of Union Territories shall contribute 50% of the receipts under edeucation fund of Rs.5,000/- whichever is less to the NCUI.
 
9.   (iv)  The annual subscription from members shallfall due at the commencement of each cooperative year i.e. on the 1st day of July every year and shall be payable not later than 1st October of the year.
 
General Body
 
10.  (i)  The General Body of the Union shall consist of delegatesof member socieites and individual members.
 
10.  (ii)  The delegatesof member society shall be nominated fora period of 3 years by a resolution of the General Body or Management or other competent body of the member-society as the case may be.  Such delegates shall continue to function till otherwise their nomination is withdrawn by a competent authority of the society.  In case of change of delegate(s) a 30 days notice shall be given and new delegate (s) shall function for the unexpired term ofthe original delegate(s).
 
11  (a)  Each member society will send delegates to General Body as follows:
 
(i)   National Cooperative Federations/Societies,
 
(ii)  State Cooperative Unions and Cooperative Unions of Union Territories:
 
      (a) with population of 1 crore and above of the State 3 each
      (b) with population of 25 lakhs and above but less than
           1 crore.                                                         3 each
      (c) with population of less than 25 lakhs                   1 each
 
(iii)  State level including Union Territories Cooperative Federations including Central Coopereative Land Development Banks and State Tribal Development Cooperative Corporations:
 
      (a) with population of 2 crores and above                 3 each
      (b) with population of 40 lakhs and above
           but less than 3 crores                                      2 each
      (c) with population of less than 40 lakhs                   1 each
 (The population figures will be taken from the previous census).
 
11. (b) Every delegate and individual member shall have one vote, provided that in the case of equality of votes the Chairman, Presiding Officer shall have an additional casting vote.
 
11. (c)
 
      (i) The delegate or delegates of a member society which
          has notbeen a member for at least 90 days before the
          date of the General Body may attend the General Body
         Meeting but shall n not be eligible either to exercise the
         right of vote or to hold office.
 
     (ii) The delegates from defaulting members shall not be
         entitled to exercise the right of vote or to seek election
         to any office. The delegates of defaulting societies,
         if holding any office of the Union, shall forfeit
         their right tohold such office with effect from the
         date on which the society becomes defaulter under
         bye-law 9 (iv), provided notive is given to the defauting
         society and it fails to pay within thirty days after the receipt
         of notice.
 
Meeting of the General Body:
 
12.   (i) The meetings of the General Body shall be of the
            following types:
 
            (a) Annual General Meeting.
 
            (b) Special General Meeting.
 
      (ii)  The Annual General Meeting of the Union shall be
            held every year within a period of six months after
            the 15th of July following expiry of each cooperative
            year, at such place and time as the Governing Council
            of the Union may decide.  At least 30 days' notice
            shall be necessary for Annual General Body Meeting.
 
     (iii)   Special General Meeting may be convened by the
            Governing Council of the Union to transact any
            urgent business at any time by giving 15 days, notice
            as also on requsition by members' as provided in
            clause (iv)
 
    (iv)   The Governing Council shall convene the Special 
            Meeting on requsiition within one month of the
            receipt of requisition in writing from not less than
            1/5th of the total members of the General Body or
            30 member whichever is less.  Period of notice for
            such a meeting shall be 15 days.
 
            A requsition for Special General Meeting shall state the purpose of the meeting, time and date of the meeting and shall be signed by the members and sent to the registered office of the Union. Such a meeting shall transact the subject specified in the notice only.
 
            The quorum for a General Body Meeting shall be 1/3rd of the total number of members subsisting as such on the date of the notice of meeting subject to a minimum of 10 members.  In case of want of quorum within an hour of the scheduled time, the meeting shall stand adjouned for the same day, time and place in the next week. Prodived that at the adjourned meeting no quorum shall be necessary.  If themeeting a called upon the requisition of the members and there is no quaorum, it shall stand dissolved and requisition shall lapse.
 
     (v)  The Agenda for the meeting of the General Body
           shall be circulated by the Chief Executive/Director.
           In case of the Annual General Meeting any member
           delegate may give notice of any item of business for
           inclusion in the Agend, which shall be sent to the
           Union within not less than 15 days of the date of the
           meeting.  The President of the Union shall consider
           such items before they are included in the Agenda
           and take necessary steps for their inclusion if such
           subjects are necessary.
 
           In case of Special Meeting of the General Body the
           Agend shall be the one circulated alongwith notice.
 
Functions of the General Body:
 
13.  The authority of the Union shall vest in the General Body.
 
       Besides exercising a general supervison and control on the activities on the Union, the General Body shall perform the following functions:
 
      (i) Elect the following office-bearers of the Union once in
          three years from among the delegates to the General
          Body.
 
          (a)  The President;
 
          (b)  5 Vice-Presidents
 
     The General Body shall elect on Vice-President from each the following Zones:
 
          1. North Zone: Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh,
                               Jammu & Kashmir, Chandigarh, Delhi
                               and Rajasthan.
 
          2. West Zone: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Goa & Daman,
                              Nagar Haveli
 
          3. Central zone:Uttar Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh.
 
          4. South Zone: Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra
                               Pradesh and Pondicherry.
 
          5. Eash Zone : West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Assam,
                               Meghalaya, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland,
                               Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.
 
     (ii)  To consider the Report, Audit Note and the Balance Sheet;
 
    (iii)  Approve the programme of work and budget estimates for
          the ensuing year;
 
   (iv)   Fix the maximum credit limit of the Union subject to the
          approval of the Registrar;
 
   (v)   Amend the bye-laws and rules of business of the Union
          whenever necessary;
 
   (vi)  To consider, decide appeal against the decision of the
          Governing Council.
 
  (vii)  Consider the problems or questions of policy regarding
         cooperative development affecting any section of the
         movememnt or group of member-societies referred to it by
         the Governing Council;
 
(viii)   Expulsion of the members ;
 
 (ix)  To elect Governing Council as per bye-law No. 14.
 
Governing Council
 
14.  (a) The Union Shall have a Governing Council consisting of:
 
      (i)   all office-bearers elected under bye-law 13 (i);
 
      (ii)     the outgoing President provided he has served for a
             full term;
      (iii)     one representative from each National Cooperative
            Federation/Society;
     (iv)     one representative from each State Cooperative
             Union;
     (v)      two representatives from Cooperative Unions of the
             Union Territories;
     (vi)      one representatives from State Cooperative Marketing
             Federation;
    (vii)      one representative from State Cooperative Banks;
 
     (ix)     one representtive from State Cooperative Consumers
             Federation;
     (x)     one representtives from State Cooperative Housing
            Finance Societies/Housing Societies Federations;
    (xi)     one representative from other State Cooperative
            Federations not included in (vi),(vii),(viii),(ix) 
           and (x);
   (xii)     one representative from Tribal Development Coope-
           rative Cooperation (s);
   (xiii)    one representative from Multi-Unit Cooperative
           Societies;
   (xiv)   three eminent Cooperators, who may be coopted by
          the Governing Council.  Out of them two shal be
          ladies provided no lady is elected/nominated under
          the above provision.  The other will be representative
          of weaker section, if not elected;
          The representatives mentioned in (v), (vi), (vii), (viii),
          (ix), (x), (xi),(xii), and (xiii) wil be elected by
          respective constituencies according to procedures as
          may be laid down by rules frmaed by the Governing
          Council:
 
14.(b)  The Governing Council shall ordinarily meet twice a
          year;
14.(c)  Except under the special circumstances 15 days' notice
          for the meeting shall be necessary.
14.(d)  The quorum for a meeting of the Governing Council
          shall be 15.
 
Function of the Governing Council
 
15.  The Governing Council may:
 
       (i)   decide the manner in which the funds of the Union shall
             be invested;
       (ii)  subject to a righty of appeal to the General Body, decide
             applications for membership;
       (iii)  consider and accept the resignation of the President, Vice-
             Presidents or any other member of the Governing Council,
             Executive Committee or other Committees;
       (iv)  formulate policy and programme of work, prepare budget
             and consider audited statement of accounts and adminis-
             tration reports;
       (v)  confer membership on distinguished cooperators in
             accordance with bye-law No.4 (viii) for a period co-
             terminus with the new Governing Council.
      (vi)  call the meeting of the General Body and fix agenda for
             the same;
     (vii)   convene the National Cooperative Congress in accordance
             with the rules framed for the purpose;
     (viii)  determine the strength of the staff, create posts, fix scales
             of pay and frame leave and service rules of the employees
             of the Union or any other rules relating to recruitment
             and service conditions of the employees;
     (ix)   institute provident fund, gratuity and such other funds
            for the employees of the Union as might be considered
            desirable and frame rules for their administration;
     (x)   fix the scale of travelling and other allowances for the
            employees;
    (xi)   consider for further section the recommendations of
            Executive and Standing Committees;
    (xii)  fix honorarium or allowances for the office-bearers and
            members of the Union;
    (xiii)  consider quarterly statement of receipts and payments and
            quarterly progress reports;
    (xiv)  fill a vacancy that may occur in the Governing Council by
            coopting a delegate (for the remainder of the term) from
            the same State or constituency to which the vacating
            member belonged;
     (xv)  fill within 45 days any vacancy that may occur inthe office
            of the President due to resignation, death or otherwise,
            by electing one of the Vice-Presidents as President till the
            next meeting of the Gneral Body;
    (xvi)  fill a vacancy that may occur in the office (s) of the Vice-
            President(s) due to resignation, death, withdrawal of dele-
            gation or otherwise to be elected out of member of the
            Governing Council from that particular region for the
            remainder of the term from the same constituency to
            which the vacating Vice-President(s) belonged;
   (xvii)  generally do all acts as are necessary to give effect to the
            objects of the Union;
   (xviii) excepting the power to admit members, the Governing
           Council may delegate such of its powers and functions to
           any Committee or office bearers of the Union as it may
           deem necessary.
 
Committees
 
16.  (i)  The Governing Council shall constitute an Executive
           Committee which shall comprie 15 members including
           office-bearers provided that there will be not more than
           one member on the Executive Committee from one State,
           provided that a member representing a National Coopera-
           tive Federation would not be deemed to represent a State,
     (ii)  The Governing Council may constitute the following and
           other such committees;
           a.  National Council for Cooperative Training to deal
                with Cooperative Training programmes;
           b.  Committee for Cooperative Education to deal with
                Cooperative Education Programme and National
                Centre for Cooperative Education.
           c.  and the following specialised Sub-Committee to deal
                with specific matters and such other sub-committees
                as may be necessary to carry on the functions and
                business of NCUI:
                (i)     Committee on Development of Cooperation in
                        Hill and Tribal Areas,
                (ii)    Committee for Development of Cooperative
                        Movement in cooperatively backward areas and
                        for weaker sections.
                (iii)    Committee for Planning, Development and
                        Review of Cooperative Movwement and Indian
                        Cooperatibe Congress,
                (iv)   Committee for Cooperative Law and Personnel
                        Management,
                (v)    Committee for International Relations consisting
                        of the President and the 5 Vice-Presidents, 2
                        members of the Executive Committee out of
                        which one will be representative of State Co-
                        operative Federations,
               (vi)    Zonal Co-ordination Council.
               (vii)    Committee on Publicity and Publications,
               (viii)   Committee for Womern & Youth in Cooperative
                        Movement,
               (ix)    Committee for involvement of Women in Co-
                        operative Movement.
 
16. (iii)     The Governing Council may include in special committees
               constituted under (a), (b), (c) above persons who are not
               members of NCUI whose association is considered 
               desirable.
 
16. (iv)     The Sub-Committees so consituted small frame their
               own rules of business.
 16A.1.     Notwithstanding any thing contained in any others Bye-
               Law, the Governing Council of the NCUI shall constitute
               a Standing Body to be known as the National Council
               for Cooperative Training to be known as the Natinal Council
               for Cooperative Training to be referred to hereinafter as
               NCCT.
 
       2.     NCCT shall be consituted by the NCUI after obtaining
              approval of the Government of India.
 
       3.    The Composition of NCCT shall not exceed 30 persons
              and shall include the following:
 
              1. President of the NCUI as Chairman.
 
              2. One of the Vice-Presidents of the nCUI to be
                  nominated by the President as Vice-Chairman,
 
              3. Director0General of NCCT as Executive Vice-
                  Chairman.
 
           4-5. Two representatives of National Cooperative Fede-
                 rations.
 
          6-11.Six representatives of State Cooperative Unions--
                 one from each Zone.
 
         12-15.Four Chief Executives of National/State level Co-
                 operative Federations including atleast one each from
                 banking, marketing and consumer sectors.
 
        16-18.Three nominees of the Central Government.
 
         19.   Managing Director, NCDC.
 
         20.   Executive Director, RBI.
 
         21.   Deputy Director-General (Education) ICAR.
 
         22.   Diector, VMNICM,
 
         23.   A representative of the University Grant Commission.
 
         24.   A representative of Agricultural Universities.
 
         25.   A representative of Institute of Management,
 
         26.   A Secretary, Cooperation of a State Government.
 
         27.   A Registrar of Cooperative Societies.
 
         While selecting the representatives/nominees, there shall be
not more than one representative from any State.  This shall not
apply to representatives of Central Government and National Institutions.
 
         4.    The Chief Executive, NCUI, shall be the Director General
                of NCCT, unless otherwise decided by the NCUI with the
                approval of Government of India.
 
        5.     NCCT shall have the following functions and responsi-
                bilities:--
 
               (i)  To formulate overall plicites and plans relating to
                    cooperative training;
 
              (ii)  To organise and direct arrangements in regard to the
                    training of personnel employed in the cooperative
                    departments and cooperative institutions in the
                    country;
 
             (iii)  To assess periodically the needs of training for co-
                    operative personnel to facilitate planning and design-
                    ing of training arrangements (such assessment may
                    preferably be for the Five Year Plan periods).
 
            (iv)   To keep effective liaison with and coordinate the
                    activities of Government of India, State Govern-
                    ments, Reserve Bank of India, Fenancing institutions,
                    Universities, including Agricultural Universities, Uni-
                    versity Grants Commission, InterntionalAgencies
                    like the International Cooperative Alliance etc, in
                    matters relating to cooperative training;
 
            (v)    To establish and manage cooperative training insti-
                   tutions;
 
           (vi)    To identify problem areas of cooperatives requiring
                    research and organise research studies; to establish
                   and manage cooperative research institutions;
 
          (vii)    To arrange for training of teaching staff of coopera-
                   tive training institutions;
 
         (viii)    To ensure maintenance of high academic standards
                   in cooperative education and training in various
                   institutes in the country and suggest syllabi and
                   standards of examinations for different courses;
 
         (ix)     To promote education in cooperation is schools and
                   colleges and for this purpose to suggest syllabi and
                   standards of examination and arrange the publication
                   of standard text-books on cooperation
        (x)       To explore the possibility of obtaining recognition for
                   Vaikunth Mehta National Institute of Cooperative
                   Management as an institution of national importance
                  or explore thepossibility of its recornitition as deemed
                  to be University;
 
       (xi)       To evaluate the various courses in cooperative train-
                  ing and suggest measures for improvement;
 
       (xii)      To arrange for provision of consultancy services to
                  cooperatives, particularly on problems of manage-
                  ment; and
      (xiii)      To raise funds by way of grants, fees, subscriptions
                  and contributions from Central Government, coope-
                  ratives and other institutions.
 
       6.        The term of National Council for Cooperative Training
                  shall be co-terminus with that of the Governing Council
                  of NCUI.   
 
      7.        There shall be a separate fund to be known as the
                 National Cooperative Traiing Fund.  All grants contri-
                 bution etc., received for the aforesaid purposes, shall be
                 credited to this fund and all expenses met from the fund
                 This fund willbe subjecty to audit.
 
      8.      The National Council for Cooperative Training shall be a
              successor to the erstwhile Committee for Cooperative
              Training for the purpose of the latter's assets and liabilities.
 
Rules of Business
 
   17.    For carrying out the obects of the Union and adminis-
tering its bye-laws the Govrning Council of the Uion shall have
powers to make urles of business and rules for admission of mem-
bers.  The rules of business thus framed by the Governing Council
shall be palced before the General Body for approval.
 
Powers and Fucntions of the Executive Committee
 
  18.    The functions of the Executive Committee shall be as
follows:
 
    (i)   to prepare annual report, balance sheet and budget of the
          National Cooperatvie Union of India.
 
   (ii)   to arrange for carrying on the administration of the Union
          and to initate such action as may by necessary for the
          execution of the decisions and resolutions passed by the
          Governing Council and General Body/Executive
          Committee.
 
  (iii)    to raise funds forthe Union and control its finances;
 
 (iv)     to authorise person/persons to sign the bills, notes, recei-
          pts, acceptances, enter into contract and documents on
          behalf of the NCUI and operative bank account etc;
 
  (v)    to appoint trustees, attorneys and agent for the Union to
          defend and institute legal proceedings on behalf of the
          NCUI.
 
 (vi)    to organise State Cooperative Conferences and National
          Cooperative Congress;
 
 (vii)    to arrange the publication of cooperative journals and
          other literature;
 
 (viii)   to acquire, purchase, own or dispose of immovable pro-
         perty by way of sale, lease or otherewise for the furtherance
         of the object5s of the Union;
 
 (ix)    to take action on all administrative matters and also to
         arrange for the custody of cash;
 
 (x)     the recruitment of various categories of staff for the
          Union's Secretariat including Chief Executive and also
         for Zonal Committee except class III & IV;  
         
 (xi)    to deal with all staff matters, except class III & IV
         including promotion/disciplinary action, suspension
         of removal etc.,
 
 (xii)   to delegate powers to the President, Vice-Presidents
         and Chief Executive or any other officer of the
         Union;
 
 (xiii)   any other duty or function entrusted by the govern-
          ing Council'
 
  (xiv)  the Executive Committee may meet as often as
          possible and at least once in a quarter.  An interim
          vacancy on the Executive Committee may by filled up
          by co-option by the remaining members of the
          Governing Council.
 
Powers and Functions of the President
 
     19.  The President shall have the following  powers and
functions:
 
     (i)    The President shall be the spokesman of the Policy of
            the NCUI and shall have overall control and
            supervision of the administration and programme
            of the National Cooperative union of India.  He
            shall preside over the meetings of the General Body,
            Governing Council, Executive Committee and
            National Cooperative Congress.
 
    (ii)    He shall be the Chairman of the National Council for
           Cooperative Training.
 
    (iii)   He will approve and sanction expenditure on any one
           item as approved in the budget up to Rs.10,000/-
           at a time and such other expenditure as approved
           and sanctioned by the Governing Council and
           Executive Committee as the case may be.
 
   (iv)   Notwithstanding anything contained in the bye-laws it
          shall be competent for the President to empower the
          Chief Executive to ascertain the opinion of the
          Governing Council or Executive Committee on any
          matter he might consider urgent or expedient by
          circulation of paper to the members.  On  receipt of
          such information, the President may decide the
          question as per the opinion of the majority of the
          members.  The decision taken shall be placved before
          the next meeting of the Governing Council for
          information.
 
   (v)   The President shall sign the proceedings of all the
          meetings presided by him.
 
   (vi)   In the event of eqality of votes on a resolution the
          President shall have an additional casting vote in the
          meeting.
 
  (vii)   To convene the meetings of the Governing Council,
          Executive Committee and other Sub-Committees of
          which he is the President.
 
  (ix)   The President mayy delegate any of his powers and
          functions to the Vice-Presidents or to the Chief
          Executive.
 
Vice-Presidents  
 
    19.   (a)  Powers and functions of the Vice-Presidents.
 
    The Vice-Presidents shall have the following powers and
functions:
 
     (i)     They will the Chairman of the Zonal Planning &
             Co-ordination Council of the respective zone.
 
     (ii)     One of the Vice-Presidents will be theChairman of
             the Cooperative Education Committee including the
             National Centre for Cooperative Education.
 
     (iii)    To be incharge of various functional committees
             mentioned under bye-law 16 above.
 
     (iv)    To Preside over the meetings of the General Body,
             Govrning Council, Executive Committee in the
             absence of the President and exercise such other
             powers of the President in his absence in the
             execution of the duties of the President.
 
    (v)     One of the Vice-Presidents shall also be on the
             National Council for Cooperative Training.
 
    (vi)    To convens the meetings of such Sub-Committees of
             which a Vice-President is the Chairman.
 
Powers and Functions of the Chief Executive
 
    20,    The Chief Executive shall function under the over-all
control and supervision of the President.  He shall have the
following powers, functions and responsibilities:
 
    (i)     To summon meetings of various committees includings
            of the General Body under the instructions of the
            President/Vice-President, as the case may be, To
            maintin proper records of the Union.
 
   (ii)     To attend to all correspondence of the Union.
 
   (iii)     To manage the funds of the Union and cause proper
            accounts to be maintainted and audited.
 
   (iv)     To be responsible for collection and safety of the Funds.
 
   (v)      To execute the policies and programmes of the Union and
             take such action as is necessary to give effect to the
             resolutions of the General Body, Governing Council or
             any other Committee constituted under these bye-laws.
 
  (vi)      To sign all deposit receipts of teh Union with banks in
             accordance with the resolution of the Executive Committee.
 
  (vii)      To endorse and transfer promissory notes and other
             securities and it endorse, sign, encash cheques and nego-
             teate instruments on behalf of the Union.
 
  (viii)     To be the officer of the Union to sue to be sued on be-
             half of the Union and sign all bonds and agreements in
             favour of the Union.
 
  (ix)      To appoint class III and IV personnel in the Union in
              consultation with the President.
 
  (x)      To determine powers, functions and responsibilities of the
            employees of the Union of all categories.
 
  (xi)      To maintain a list of members correct and up-to-date.
 
  (xii)     To exercise administrative control in respect of all officers
            and staff, including granting of leave, granting of annual
            increments and other matters relating to the service condi-
            tions of the employees.
 
  (xiii)    To sanction contingent expenditure in so far as the
            amount involved is up to Rs.1,500/-
 
 (xiv)     To sign on behalf of the National Cooperative Union of
            India and conduct its correspondence.
 
 (xv)      To record proceedings of meetings and have duly signed
 
 (xvi)     To perform all duties entrusted to hikm and to exercise such
            other powers as may be delegated to him by the Govern-
            ing Council, Executive Committee and President.
 
General
 
   21.    In the event of conflict between the bye-laws of the
           Union and the affiliated socieites the bye-laws of the
           Union shall prevail.
 
  22.    No act of the General Body, the Governing Council or
          other Committees shall be deemed invalid by reasons of
          defect in the election of the member thereof or by reasons
          of any vacancy therein not havingbeen filled in accor-
          dance with these by-laws.
 
  23.    All questions at the meegins shall be decided by a
          majority of votes. Presiding officer shall have casting
          vote.
 
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